What are the main components of the Central Nervous System?

The main components of the Central Nervous System (CNS) are indeed the cerebrum, cerebellum, and the brainstem, which includes the medulla oblongata. The cerebrum is responsible for higher brain functions such as thought, action, and sensory processing, while the cerebellum plays a crucial role in coordination and balance. The brainstem, which comprises structures like the medulla oblongata, is fundamental for regulating vital life functions such as breathing and heart rate and serves as a communication pathway between the brain and spinal cord.

The other options mention structures that are important for overall nervous system function but do not accurately represent the key components of the CNS. Cranial nerves and peripheral nerves, for example, are part of the peripheral nervous system, not the CNS. Understanding these distinctions is essential for grasping the overall structure and function of the nervous system.