What does "diffusion hypoxia" refer to in the context of nitrous oxide sedation?

Diffusion hypoxia refers to a condition that occurs when nitrous oxide is rapidly eliminated from the body, typically upon discontinuation of its administration. During this rapid exit, nitrous oxide leaves the bloodstream and enters the alveoli of the lungs, which can dilute the concentration of oxygen present there. As a result, the reduced partial pressure of oxygen may lead to temporary hypoxia in the patient. This phenomenon emphasizes the importance of ensuring that patients receive supplemental oxygen following the discontinuation of nitrous oxide to prevent any potential dilution of oxygen and maintain adequate oxygen saturation.

The other options do not accurately describe diffusion hypoxia. The buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream pertains more to inadequate ventilation rather than the effects of nitrous oxide. Additionally, a sudden increase in blood pressure and an increase in patient anxiety during sedation are unrelated to the physiological effects of nitrous oxide and its withdrawal. Understanding diffusion hypoxia is crucial for safe practice in dental anesthesia, ensuring patient well-being during the recovery phase from sedation.