What is the function of glucagon secreted by the Islets of Langerhans?

Glucagon, which is secreted by the alpha cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. Its primary function is to increase blood glucose concentrations, especially when they are low. This hormone stimulates the liver to convert glycogen (the stored form of glucose) into glucose, a process known as glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, which is the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors.

When blood glucose levels drop, glucagon is released into the bloodstream to counteract this decline, ensuring that the body has a sufficient supply of glucose, which is vital for energy, particularly for the brain and muscles. This action is essential in maintaining homeostasis and preventing hypoglycemia, which can lead to serious health issues.

Understanding the specific impact of glucagon helps to highlight its important role in the endocrine system and glucose metabolism.