What structure do the intercostal muscles assist with?

The intercostal muscles play a crucial role in the mechanics of breathing, specifically in the expansion and contraction of the chest. These muscles are located between the ribs and contract to elevate the rib cage and expand the thoracic cavity during inhalation. This action allows for an increase in lung volume and facilitates the intake of air. During exhalation, the intercostal muscles relax, allowing the rib cage to move back to its original position, which decreases the thoracic cavity volume and expels air from the lungs. Understanding this function is essential for those studying dental anesthesia, as proper breathing mechanics are critical during sedation and anesthesia procedures. The intercostal muscles thus directly influence respiratory function, making them integral to effective management of patients during dental procedures.