Which type of cell within the islets of the pancreas produces glucagon?

The alpha cells within the islets of the pancreas are responsible for producing glucagon. Glucagon is a hormone that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism, primarily by increasing blood glucose levels. It does this by stimulating the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is then released into the bloodstream.

Understanding the role of the alpha cells helps clarify their significance in maintaining blood sugar balance, especially in situations where insulin levels are low or when the body requires an increase in glucose availability. This is crucial for energy regulation in the body, particularly during fasting or intense physical activity.

The other cell types, such as beta cells, produce insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels, while delta cells produce somatostatin, which regulates the secretion of both glucagon and insulin. Epsilon cells are involved in the secretion of ghrelin but are less relevant in the context of blood sugar regulation compared to the roles of alpha and beta cells.